| Health Indicator & Description | Normal Range (Age 18+) | Health Issues Associated with Abnormal Levels |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure Arterial pressure during contraction/relaxation |
Systolic: < 120 mmHg Diastolic: < 80 mmHg |
Heart attack, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, poor cognitive function, dementia |
| Heart Rate / Pulse Rate Resting heart beat frequency |
60 – 100 BPM | Stroke, heart failure, hypovolemia, fever, tachycardia (>100 bpm), bradycardia (<60 bpm) |
| Heart Rate Variability (HRV / RMSSD) Inter-beat interval variance |
Age 20–25: 55–105 ms Age 60–65: 25–45 ms |
Autonomic strain, physical exhaustion, elevated risk of cardiac events, sickness, sleep disturbance |
| Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) Oxygen-carrying hemoglobin relative to total |
95% – 100% | Hypoxemia, heart disease, interstitial lung disease, COPD, anemia, ARDS, pneumonia, sleep apnea |
| Breathing / Respiration Rate Breaths per minute |
12 – 20 RPM | Anxiety, fever, respiratory distress, tachypnea (>20 rpm), bradypnea (<12 rpm), COPD, asthma |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) Total blood hemoglobin concentration |
Men: 14 – 18 g/dL Women: 12 – 16 g/dL |
Anemia, sickle cell disease, chronic kidney disease, hematological disorders, acute blood loss |
| Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Estimated 2-3 month glycemic control |
Normal: ≤ 5.7% Prediabetes: 5.7% – 6.4% Diabetes: > 6.4% |
Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, macrovascular complications, neuropathy |
| Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Estimated fasting glycemic status |
Normal: < 100 mg/dL Impaired: 100 – 125 mg/dL Elevated: > 125 mg/dL |
Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis |
| Sympathetic Stress (Baevsky SI) Central regulatory tension index |
50 – 150 SI (Eustress) | Acute mental/physical stress, cardiovascular overstrain, autonomic imbalance, fatigue |
| PNS Recovery Ability Parasympathetic vagal tone |
≥ 50 / 100 | Delayed parasympathetic reactivation, chronic fatigue, systemic inflammatory stress |
| Pulse-Respiration Quotient (PRQ) HR / RR coupling ratio |
3.5 – 5.0 | Cardiorespiratory mismatch, hyperventilation, autonomic dysregulation |
| 10-Year ASCVD Risk Likelihood of atherosclerotic event in 10 years |
< 10% (Low Risk) | Heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction |
| Vascular Biological Age Arterial compliance biological age |
Delta ≤ +1.0 years | Arterial stiffening, endothelial dysfunction, accelerated cardiovascular aging |